MST 2050: Middle Welsh
Check-list of common particles


GMW=D. Simon Evans Grammar of Middle Welsh (Dublin, 1964)

Y

  1. definite article (yr before vowels and h), GMW 24.
  2. unstressed possessive pronoun, masc. or fem., sing. or pl., GMW 53.
  3. preposition 'to' (inflected forms, GMW 60; can take infixed pronoun).
  4. oblique relative particle, used when relative stands in genitival relationship, or is governed by a preposition, adverb, or nominal predicate. GMW 64ff.
  5. conjunction 'that' (yd before vowels), GMW 171.
  6. y (4) + y (2 or 5) = y.
  7. affirmative preverbal particle (also appears as yd, ydd, ytt), GMW 171.

A

  1. affirmative preverbal particle, especially to support infixed pronoun, GMW 171.
  2. relative pronoun/particle, GMW 172.
  3. preposition 'with' (can take infixed pronoun), GMW 181.
  4. conjunction 'and' (can take infixed pronoun), GMW 230.
  5. variant of 'o', preposition 'of, from', GMW 205.
  6. interrogative particle, GMW 174.
  7. vocative particle (interjection), GMW 245.
  8. 3 sing. pres. ind. of 'mynet', GMW 132.

O

  1. preposition 'of, from' (inflected forms, GMW 59); can take infixed pronoun.
  2. conjunction 'if', GMW 240.
  3. interjection 'alas', GMW 245.
  4. in composite prepositions, GMW 205-6.